Designing a parachute for a small toy introduces one of physics' most observable principles — air resistance — through an experiment with an inherently exciting outcome: dropping something from height and watching it drift slowly down. The challenge has a clear test (how slowly does it fall?), a clear design variable (the size and shape of the canopy), and a built-in emotional hook (children root for their parachute to work). That combination makes this one of the most engaging STEM challenges for preschoolers.

Materials

• Small lightweight toy or plastic figure (the "astronaut" or "skydiver")
• Fabric, tissue paper, a plastic bag, or paper for the canopy
• String or yarn cut to equal lengths
• Tape or a needle and thread

Building and Testing

1. Cut the canopy material into a square or circle.
2. Attach 4 equal-length strings to the corners or edges of the canopy.
3. Tie all string ends together and attach to the toy figure.
4. Drop from a height (standing on a safe step stool or dropping from an upstairs balcony if available).
5. Observe: does it drift slowly or fall quickly? Does it spin?
6. Modify: try a larger canopy, a different shape, or different string lengths.

The Science of Air Resistance

A parachute works by catching air — the large canopy surface area creates drag that slows the fall. Larger canopy = more air caught = slower fall. Small canopy = less drag = faster fall. If the strings are different lengths, the parachute tilts and spirals instead of floating level. Each of these variables can be changed and tested.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the best canopy material for a preschool parachute?

A plastic shopping bag is the most effective because it is lightweight and catches air excellently. Cut a square from the bag and it produces a reliable, slow descent. Tissue paper is more fragile but works well and is easier to decorate. Fabric (light cotton or polyester) is reusable and durable. Avoid heavy materials — paper towels and cardboard are too heavy for small canopies. Always have several materials available so children can compare performance.

Related science: Boat That Floats | Paper Cup Tower | Cardboard Rocket Ship